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The Graveyard of the AtlanticThe Graveyard of the Atlantic
1) History
a) Why is it known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic
b) Include information about the first recorded shipwreck
c) Include information about the many wrecks from German U-boats
d) The Government's response to the many Wrecks
i) The Steamboat Act
(1) Describe the event that spurned this act
ii) Inclusion of year round lifesaving stations
(1) Describe the events that forced the government to take action
2) Famous Wrecks
a) USS Monitor
i) History of the ship
(1) Design
(2) Type of ship
(3) Mission or purpose for being in the Atlantic
ii) When and How was it sunk
iii) Rediscovery of the ship
(1) When was it found
(2) Who discovered it
(3) Where is it now
b) Using the above guidelines and discuss three other famous wrecks such as:
3) The “Torpedo Junction”
a) Why is it also called the Torpedo Junction, i.e. in a two year span, more than 100 ships sank
b) World War II and German U-Boats
c) Include information about some of the ships that sank
4) From Lifesaving Crews to the Coast Guard
a) History of Outer Banks Lifesaving crew stations
b) Successful rescues
i) Describe the story of the Chicamacomico Lifesaving Station and their many rescues, i.e. six men saved the lives of 42 British men of the Mirlo, when a German U-boat surprised our allies.
ii) Awards: The Crosses of Honor, out of the 11 awards ever given, six belong to the Chicamacomico Lifesaving Station
(1) Tell how they're still honored today
c) How the Coast Guard came about
i) How the Lifesaving Crew became the Coast Guard
ii) What role does the Coast Guard play today
iii) Any recent rescues and saves
5) Wreck diving for treasures
a) Explain what it is
b) What you can find
i) Sunken vessels from tug boats
ii) Civil War blockade runners
iii) List others here
c) Popular Dives
i) Indra
(1) Skill Level, i.e. beginner/intermediate/advanced
(2) History of the ship
(3) Include information about the ship now, how much water it's under, proximity to shore, is it in one piece?
(a) Indra is a beginner skill level. In 1992 this former landing craft repair ship was sunken as part of an artificial reef program. She sits upright and intact in 65 feet of water with the upper decks rising to 35 feet, an excellent depth for beginner divers. The wreck is closer to shore and easier to get to than the majority of North Carolinas wrecks.
ii) Papoose
(1) Skill Level, i.e. beginner/intermediate/advanced
(2) History of the ship
(3) Include information about the ship now, how much water it's under, proximity to shore, is it in one piece?
iii) USS Huron
(1) Skill Level, i.e. beginner/intermediate/advanced
(2) History of the ship
(3) Include information about the ship now, how much water it's under, proximity to shore, is it in one piece?
iv) U-85
(1) Skill Level, i.e. beginner/intermediate/advanced
(2) History of the ship
(3) Include information about the ship now, how much water it's under, proximity to shore, is it in one piece?
v) U-352
(1) Skill Level, i.e. beginner/intermediate/advanced
(2) History of the ship
(3) Include information about the ship now, how much water it's under, proximity to shore, is it in one piece?
d) Not a Diver?
i) Discuss the many dives that are visible from the beaches
(1) The Laura A. Barnes off Highway 12 at Coquina Beach in the Cape Hatteras National Seashore
(2) The Huron at the Nags Head Fishing Pier in Nags Head of Highway 12. Most visible at low tide
(3) The Stovepipe Hat Wreck (offshore at Pea Island National Wildlife Headquarters, Hatteras Island off Highway 12
(4) The Iron Steamer offshore at the old Iron Steamer Pier location on Bogue Banks near Emerald Isle on Highway 58
6) Diamond Shoals: The Dangers of its Design
a) Explain the shape of Diamond Shoals
b) Explain what it is, i.e. shallow bars of ever-changing, ever-shifting sand
i) What causes the bars to shift
ii) What makes this area more dangerous than other areas with sand bars
iii) What role do currents have in its shape
c) Explain why this caused so many problems for ships
i) Why ships would have difficulty navigating
ii) Ships could get stuck, especially without maps (as the sea floor changed constantly) and GPS systems
d) Include information about the lighthouse
i) Why they put it there
ii) When they built it
7) Storms, Pirates and Wars (Ships were lost in a number of ways)
a) Provide examples from storms
i) How many ships were lost during the storm
ii) Were there any survivors, etc.
b) Provide examples from War
i) How many ships were lost during the war
ii) How did they sink, i.e. attacks from enemies, accidents etc.
c) Provide examples from pirates
i) How many ships were said to have been taken by pirates
ii) Include local folk lore, commonly held beliefs and legends
8) Is it Still a Danger Today?
a) Discuss the decline in the number of ships lost throughout the 20th century
b) Technology has helped
i) Electronic navigation systems
ii) Ship building technology
c) Sailing and boating around the area
i) Has the number of sailors in the area declined; if so then why
ii) Decline in the area's maritime commerce
iii) Increase in pleasure crafts, i.e. more people with party boats
9) The Graveyard of the Atlantic Museum
a) General Information about the Museum
i) Non-profit
ii) What kind of information can one expect to find
(1) Maritime history of the Outer Banks
(2) Information about the colonization period to present day
b) Discuss the different exhibits and events the museum puts on
i) Exhibits are generally focused on a single wreck or event. The current web gallery exhibit on the museum site (U-85, the first U-boat sunk during WWII) can give you plenty of information.
ii) Meetings, lectures and symposia
c) The Museum's unique design
i) Timbers that are reminiscent of the many ship wrecks
10) The Ghost Ship of Diamond Shoals
a) The story (be detailed; i.e. G.G. Deering Co. chose not to christen their ships with champagne, but to send it out with a bouquet of long-stem red roses)
b) Modern day theories
i) Piracy
ii) Mutiny
iii) Booze runners
iv) Abandonment
Helpful links:
Museum: http://www.graveyardoftheatlantic.com/
Basic Info: http://www.hatteras-nc.com/atlanticgraveyard/
Basic Info: http://www.outer-banks.nc.us/tourism/gravyard.htm
Wreck Diving: http://scuba.about.com/library/weekly/aa052600.htm
National Park Service Info: http://www.nps.gov/archive/caha/graveyard.htm
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